安装Bower
一旦你已经安装了上面所说的所有必要文件,键入以下命令安装 Bower:
$ npm install -g bower
这行命令是 Bower 的全局安装,-g
操作表示全局。
开始使用Bower
安装完 bower 之后就可以使用所有的 bower 命令了。可以键入 help
命令来查看 bower 可以完成那些操作,如下:
$ bower help
Usage:
bower <command> [<args>] [<options>]
Commands:
cache Manage bower cache
help Display help information about Bower
home Opens a package homepage into your favorite browser
info Info of a particular package
init Interactively create a bower.json file
install Install a package locally
link Symlink a package folder
list List local packages
lookup Look up a package URL by name
prune Removes local extraneous packages
register Register a package
search Search for a package by name
update Update a local package
uninstall Remove a local package
Options:
-f, --force Makes various commands more forceful
-j, --json Output consumable JSON
-l, --log-level What level of logs to report
-o, --offline Do not hit the network
-q, --quiet Only output important information
-s, --silent Do not output anything, besides errors
-V, --verbose Makes output more verbose
--allow-root Allows running commands as root
包的安装
Bower 是一个软件包管理器,所以你可以在应用程序中用它来安装新的软件包。举例来看一下来如何使用 Bower 安装 JQuery,在你想要安装该包的地方创建一个新的文件夹,键入如下命令:
$ bower install jquery
上述命令完成以后,你会在你刚才创建的目录下看到一个 bower_components
的文件夹,其中目录如下:
$ tree bower_components/
bower_components/
└── jquery
├── README.md
├── bower.json
├── component.json
├── composer.json
├── jquery-migrate.js
├── jquery-migrate.min.js
├── jquery.js
├── jquery.min.js
├── jquery.min.map
└── package.json
1 directory, 10 files
包的使用
现在就可以在应用程序中使用 jQuery 包了,在 jQuery 里创建一个简单的 html5 文件:
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Learning Bower</title>
</head>
<body>
<button>Animate Me!!</button>
<div style="background:red;height:100px;width:100px;position:absolute;">
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="bower_components/jquery/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function(){
$("button").click(function(){
$("div").animate({left:'250px'});
});
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
正如你所看到的,你刚刚引用 jquery.min.js
文件,现阶段完成。
所有包的列表
如果你想找出所有安装在应用程序中的包,可以使用list命令:
$ bower list
bower check-new Checking for new versions of the project dependencies..
blog /Users/shekhargulati/day1/blog
└── jquery#2.0.3 extraneous
包的搜索
假如你想在你的应用程序中使用 twitter 的 bootstrap 框架,但你不确定包的名字,这时你可以使用 search
命令:
$ bower search bootstrap
Search results:
bootstrap git://github.com/twbs/bootstrap.git
angular-bootstrap git://github.com/angular-ui/bootstrap-bower.git
sass-bootstrap git://github.com/jlong/sass-twitter-bootstrap.git
包的信息
如果你想看到关于特定的包的信息,可以使用 info
命令来查看该包的所有信息:
$ bower info bootstrap
bower bootstrap#* not-cached git://github.com/twbs/bootstrap.git#*
bower bootstrap#* resolve git://github.com/twbs/bootstrap.git#*
bower bootstrap#* download https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/archive/v3.0.0.tar.gz
bower bootstrap#* extract archive.tar.gz
bower bootstrap#* resolved git://github.com/twbs/bootstrap.git#3.0.0
{
name: 'bootstrap',
version: '3.0.0',
main: [
'./dist/js/bootstrap.js',
'./dist/css/bootstrap.css'
],
ignore: [
'**/.*'
],
dependencies: {
jquery: '>= 1.9.0'
},
homepage: 'https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap'
}
Available versions:
- 3.0.0
- 3.0.0-rc1
- 3.0.0-rc.2
- 2.3.2
.....
如果你想得到单个包的信息,也可以使用 info
命令:
$ bower info bootstrap#3.0.0
bower bootstrap#3.0.0 cached git://github.com/twbs/bootstrap.git#3.0.0
bower bootstrap#3.0.0 validate 3.0.0 against git://github.com/twbs/bootstrap.git#3.0.0
{
name: 'bootstrap',
version: '3.0.0',
main: [
'./dist/js/bootstrap.js',
'./dist/css/bootstrap.css'
],
ignore: [
'**/.*'
],
dependencies: {
jquery: '>= 1.9.0'
},
homepage: 'https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap'
}
包的卸载
卸载包可以使用 uninstall
命令:
$ bower uninstall jquery
bower.json文件的使用
bower.json 文件的使用可以让包的安装更容易,你可以在应用程序的根目录下创建一个名为 “bower.json” 的文件,并定义它的依赖关系。使用 bower init
命令来创建 bower.json 文件:
$ bower init
[?] name: blog
[?] version: 0.0.1
[?] description:
[?] main file:
[?] keywords:
[?] authors: Shekhar Gulati <shekhargulati84@gmail.com>
[?] license: MIT
[?] homepage:
[?] set currently installed components as dependencies? Yes
[?] add commonly ignored files to ignore list? Yes
[?] would you like to mark this package as private which prevents it from being accidentally published to the registry? No
{
name: 'blog',
version: '0.0.1',
authors: [
'Shekhar Gulati <shekhargulati84@gmail.com>'
],
license: 'MIT',
ignore: [
'**/.*',
'node_modules',
'bower_components',
'test',
'tests'
],
dependencies: {
jquery: '~2.0.3'
}
}
[?] Looks good? Yes
可以查看该文件:
{
"name": "blog",
"version": "0.0.1",
"authors": [
"Shekhar Gulati <shekhargulati84@gmail.com>"
],
"license": "MIT",
"ignore": [
"**/.*",
"node_modules",
"bower_components",
"test",
"tests"
],
"dependencies": {
"jquery": "~2.0.3"
}
}
注意看,它已经加入了 jQuery 依赖关系。
现在假设也想用 twitter bootstrap,我们可以用下面的命令安装 twitter bootstrap 并更新 bower.json 文件:
$ bower install bootstrap --save
它会自动安装最新版本的 bootstrap 并更新 bower.json 文件:
{
"name": "blog",
"version": "0.0.1",
"authors": [
"Shekhar Gulati <shekhargulati84@gmail.com>"
],
"license": "MIT",
"ignore": [
"**/.*",
"node_modules",
"bower_components",
"test",
"tests"
],
"dependencies": {
"jquery": "~2.0.3",
"bootstrap": "~3.0.0"
}
}